[Arg8]-醋酸加压素是一种存在于非哺乳动物脊椎动物神经垂体中的激素，与加压素和催产素有关。

cis-Ferulic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 7) is a phenolic glycosid, which can be isolated from Nitraria sibirica.

Trans-caffeic acid stearyl ester is posited to inhibit melanogenesis signaling while suppressing cAMP levels and, subsequently, MC1R, MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-2 and TRP-1 down-regulation, resulting in the suppression of tyrosinase activity, DOPA oxidase activity and melanin synthesis.